Apport de la Qualité de l’Expérience dans l’optimisation de services multimédia : application à la diffusion de la vidéo et à la VoIP

The emerging and fast growth of multimedia services have created new challenges for network service providers in order to guarantee the best user's Quality of Experience (QoE) in diverse networks with distinctive access technologies. Usually, various methods and techniques are used to predict the user satisfaction level by studying the combined impact of numerous factors. In this thesis, we consider two important multimedia services to evaluate the user perception, which are: video streaming service, and VoIP. This study investigates user's QoE that follows three directions: (1) methodologies for subjective QoE assessment of video services, (2) regulating user's QoE using video a rate adaptive algorithm, and (3) QoE-based power efficient resource allocation methods for Long Term Evaluation-Advanced (LTE-A) for VoIP. Initially, we describe two subjective methods to collect the dataset for assessing the user's QoE. The subjectively collected dataset is used to investigate the influence of different parameters (e.g. QoS, video types, user profile, etc.) on user satisfaction while using the video services. Later, we propose a client-based HTTP rate adaptive video streaming algorithm over TCP protocol to regulate the user's QoE. The proposed method considers three Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that govern the user perception, which are: Bandwidth, Buffer, and dropped Frame rate (BBF). The BBF method dynamically selects the suitable video quality according to network conditions and user's device properties. Lastly, we propose a QoE driven downlink scheduling method, i.e. QoE Power Escient Method (QEPEM) for LTE-A. It esciently allocates the radio resources, and optimizes the use of User Equipment (UE) power utilizing the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) method in LTE-AL'émergence et la croissance rapide des services multimédia dans les réseaux IP ont créé de nouveaux défis pour les fournisseurs de services réseau, qui, au-delà de la Qualité de Service (QoS) issue des paramètres techniques de leur réseau, doivent aussi garantir la meilleure qualité de perception utilisateur (Quality of Experience, QoE) dans des réseaux variés avec différentes technologies d'accès. Habituellement, différentes méthodes et techniques sont utilisées pour prédire le niveau de satisfaction de l'utilisateur, en analysant l'effet combiné de multiples facteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la commande du réseau en intégrant à la fois des aspects qualitatifs (perception du niveau de satisfaction de l'usager) et quantitatifs (mesure de paramètres réseau) dans l'objectif de développer des mécanismes capables, à la fois, de s'adapter à la variabilité des mesures collectées et d'améliorer la qualité de perception. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié le cas de deux services multimédia populaires, qui sont : le streaming vidéo, et la voix sur IP (VoIP). Nous investiguons la QoE utilisateur de ces services selon trois aspects : (1) les méthodologies d'évaluation subjective de la QoE, dans le cadre d'un service vidéo, (2) les techniques d'adaptation de flux vidéo pour garantir un certain niveau de QoE, et (3) les méthodes d'allocation de ressource, tenant compte de la QoE tout en économisant l'énergie, dans le cadre d'un service de VoIP (LTE-A). Nous présentons d'abord deux méthodes pour récolter des jeux de données relatifs à la QoE. Nous utilisons ensuite ces jeux de données (issus des campagnes d'évaluation subjective que nous avons menées) pour comprendre l'influence de différents paramètres (réseau, terminal, profil utilisateur) sur la perception d'un utilisateur d'un service vidéo. Nous proposons ensuite un algorithme de streaming vidéo adaptatif, implémenté dans un client HTTP, et dont le but est d'assurer un certain niveau de QoE et le comparons à l'état de l'art. Notre algorithme tient compte de trois paramètres de QoS (bande passante, taille de mémoires tampons de réception et taux de pertes de paquets) et sélectionne dynamiquement la qualité vidéo appropriée en fonction des conditions du réseau et des propriétés du terminal de l'utilisateur. Enfin, nous proposons QEPEM (QoE Power Efficient Method), un algorithme d'ordonnancement basé sur la QoE, dans le cadre d'un réseau sans fil LTE, en nous intéressant à une allocation dynamique des ressources radio en tenant compte de la consommation énergétiqu

Soft Tissue Tumours with Epithelioid Morphoogy

 To study the morphologicalfindings of soft tissue sarcomas with epithelioidmorphology and their distribution with respect tothe age, gender and location

Interactive effects of vanadium and phosphorus on their uptake, growth and heat shock proteins in chickpea genotypes under hydroponic conditions

The present study was carried out to examine the interaction of vanadium and phosphorus and changes in heat shock genes to optimize the growth of chickpea genotypes. Two sets of hydroponic experiments were carried out using vanadium and phosphorus with five-level central composite design. Five levels of vanadium (0-1180 mu M) and phosphorus (0-100011 mu M) were used to evaluate their interactive effects. Plants fresh biomass and uptake of vanadium and phosphorus were influenced by vanadium and phosphorus application. Enhanced fresh biomass was most likely a result of increased phosphorus uptake by chickpea genotypes. Addition of vanadium induced toxic effects while, higher concentration of phosphorus alleviated its toxic effects. The obtained results also indicated that lower vanadium concentration promoted phosphorus absorption however; higher concentration of vanadium inhibited the phosphorus uptake. The morphological changes in leaves indicated that the cells were deformed and reduced in size when treated with higher vanadium levels with fixed phosphorus while, there was little deformation and reduction in cells size were observed when plants were treated with higher levels of phosphorus with fixed vanadium. Whereas, the proportion of deformation of cells were higher in Balkasar as compared to C-44 genotype. The results also showed that at elevated vanadium with fixed phosphorus, Hsp70 was expressed only in C-44 while, not in Balkasar however, Hsp90 and GAPDH showed non-significant results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a maternal, neonatal and child health intervention package in a rural district of Pakistan: A quasi-experimental study

Background: Pakistan is among the countries which have the highest maternal, neonatal and child mortality rates. Immediate efforts are required to enable Pakistan to achieve the health related sustainable development goals. The continuum of care interventions can substantially reduce the mortality burden, however local evidence to implement them is lacking in Pakistan. We implemented the maternal, neonatal and child health intervention package comprised of health facility strengthening, capacity building, continuum of care interventions and community mobilization and evaluated its effectiveness on maternal, neonatal and child health care practices and neonatal mortality.Methods: The intervention package was delivered through existing public health system in a rural district of Pakistan. We used a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of interventions. Baseline and end line surveys were conducted and neonatal mortality was considered as the primary outcome measure. Data were analysed using bivariate and difference and difference analysis techniques.Results: We found a reduced risk of neonatal mortality (RR 0.704; 95% CI 0.557-0.889; p=0.0033), in intervention areas compared to control area. For secondary outcomes; including mortality for infants and under five children, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, institutional deliveries, postnatal care, delayed bathing, inappropriate cord care practices, birth asphyxia, exclusive breastfeeding and immunization a significant difference (p\u3c0.001) was observed in the intervention area compared to control area.Conclusions: This study provides local evidence from Pakistan that effective methods for delivering MNCH interventions within the existing health infrastructure can improve the MNCH outcomes especially in the rural areas

Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Prostate: A Rare Aggressive Tumor

Adenosquamous carcinoma is an aggressive tumor of prostate with only 30 cases reported so far in literature. We present a case of this rare entity that was seen in our department. A 70 years old male presented with urinary outflow obstruction and slightly raised PSA levels [5mg/ml (normal; 0-4 mg/ml)]. Transuretheral resection of prostate was done and specimen was sent to our department. Histologically, it composed of both malignant squamous and glandular components. Squamous component showed large tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Glandular component showed tumor cells arranged in acinar pattern, predominantly in cribriform architecture. As the current guidlines, Gleason grading is not required for adenosquamous carcinoma of prostate. The case was reported as the adenosquamous carcinoma of prostate. This rare tumor has an extremely poor prognosis with most of the patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis

Pathogenesis and Immunohistochemical Studies of Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Experimentally Infected Goats

This study was designed to evaluate the pathogenesis of caprine pleuropneumonia (CPP) in the experimentally inoculated goats with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies Capri (Mmc). For this purpose, 12 goats (Group B) were inoculated with bacterial isolates of Mmc while four goats were kept as untreated control (Group A). Clinical signs of the disease were recorded twice daily. Two goats from group B were sacrificed on weekly basis to demonstrate gross pathological lesions in different organs. Tissue samples from lungs, trachea, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and small intestines were preserved for histopathological studies. The lungs and lymph nodes were preserved to demonstrate the antigen in tissue by using immuno- histochemical technique. The disease was successfully reproduced in all infected goats with severe manifestation. The clinical signs and gross lesions of the disease were mild at the beginning and became severe at the third and fourth weeks and then progressed to moderate and chronic forms. The histopathological lesions characteristic of CPP were found in all the organs. Antigen of Mmc was detected in tissue sections of lungs and lymph nodes. In conclusion, the disease was efficiently reproduced in experimental animals that showed acute septicemic form with lethal outcome

Statistical analysis of machining parameters on burr formation, surface roughness and energy consumption during milling of aluminium alloy Al 6061-T6

Due to the increasing demand for higher production rates in the manufacturing sector, there is a need to manufacture finished or near-finished parts. Burrs and surface roughness are the two most important indicators of the surface quality of any machined parts. In addition to this, there is a constant need to reduce energy consumption during the machining operation in order to reduce the carbon footprint. Milling is one of the most extensively used cutting processes in the manufacturing industry. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness, burr width, and specific energy consumption. In the present research, the machining parameters were varied using the Taguchi L9 array design of experiments, and their influence on the response parameters, including specific cutting energy, surface finish, and burr width, was ascertained. The response trends of burr width, energy consumption, and surface roughness with respect to the input parameters were analyzed using the main effect plots. Analysis of variance indicated that the cutting speed has contribution ratios of 55% and 47.98% of the specific cutting energy and burr width on the down-milling side, respectively. On the other hand, the number of inserts was found to be the influential member, with contribution ratios of 68.74% and 35% of the surface roughness and burr width on the up-milling side. The validation of the current design of the experiments was carried out using confirmatory tests in the best and worst conditions of the output parameters.Web of Science1522art. no. 806

Infekcija vrstom Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale u crvenolikih vivaka (Vanellus indicus) u Pakistanu - prikaz slučaja

Respiratory infections are of major concern in the poultry industry in Pakistan. Previously, wild birds have been reported to transmit respiratory infections. The Red Wattled Lapwing (RWL) is a wild bird prevalent in the Indus basin and the wetlands of Punjab, Pakistan. Out of total of eighteen RWL birds housed at Lahore Zoo, Pakistan, three birds died after showing signs of respiratory distress and paralysis, in August, 2014. Postmortem examination revealed air sacculitis and pneumonia. Microbiological examination revealed Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) as the causative agent, which was later confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The isolate was found to be susceptible to amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and enrofloxacin, and resistant to gentamycin, neomycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. All the remaining birds were treated with long acting tetracycline, and diseased birds eventually recovered. No further mortality was declared. This is the first report of its kind which demonstrates ORT infection in RWL in Punjab, Pakistan.Dišne infekcije od velike su važnosti za peradarsku industriju u Pakistanu. Znano je da ih mogu prenositi divlje ptice. Crvenoliki vivak nastanjuje bazen Indus i močvarna područja Pendžaba u Pakistanu. Od ukupno 18 crvenolikih vivaka iz Zoološkog vrta Lahore, tri su uginula nakon pojave znakova dišnog poremećaja i paralize u kolovozu 2014. Razudbom je utvrđen sacculitis i pneumonija. Mikrobiološkom pretragom dokazan je Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale što je bilo potvrđeno lančanom reakcijom polimerazom. Izolat je bio osjetljiv na amoksicilin, eritromicin, tetraciklin i enrofloksacin, a otporan na gentamicin, neomicin i sulfametoksazol/trimetoprim. Sve preživjele ptice bile su liječene tetraciklinom s produženim djelovanjem i ozdravile. Novi slučajevi uginuća nisu bili primijećeni. Ovo je prvo izvješće o pojavi infekcije vrstom Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale u crvenolikog vivka u Pendžabu u Pakistan

Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of PbSe Nanostructures Deposited by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Approach

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-08-21, pub-electronic 2021-10-23Publication status: PublishedFunder: Higher Education Commision, Pakistan; Grant(s): 7363This research endeavor aimed to synthesize the lead (II) diphenyldiselenophosphinate complex and its use to obtain lead selenide nanostructured depositions and further the impedance spectroscopic analysis of these obtained PbSe nanostructures, to determine their roles in the electronics industry. The aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique was used to provide lead selenide deposition by decomposition of the complex at different temperatures using the glass substrates. The obtained films were revealed to be a pure cubic phase PbSe, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM and TEM micrographs demonstrated three-dimensionally grown interlocked or aggregated nanocubes of the obtained PbSe. Characteristic dielectric measurements and the impedance spectroscopy analysis at room temperature were executed to evaluate PbSe properties over the frequency range of 100 Hz–5 MHz. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss gave similar trends, along with altering frequency, which was well explained by the Koops theory and Maxwell–Wagner theory. The effective short-range translational carrier hopping gave rise to an overdue remarkable increase in ac conductivity (σac) on the frequency increase. Fitting of a complex impedance plot was carried out with an equivalent circuit model (Rg Cg) (Rgb Qgb Cgb), which proved that grains, as well as grain boundaries, are responsible for the relaxation processes. The asymmetric depressed semicircle with the center lower to the impedance real axis provided a clear explanation of non-Debye dielectric behavior